Shining a Light on Anaemia in Pregnancy: An interview with MD Jana Koporcová, Unilabs Slovakia Medical Manager

Anaemia during pregnancy is a common and potentially serious complication that can affect both the mother and newborn. At Unilabs, we are committed to supporting healthcare professionals with the necessary diagnostics tools to treat and prevent anaemia effectively. We spoke with Unilabs Slovakia Dr Jana Koporcová to explore the critical aspects of managing anaemia in pregnancy. 

Can you explain why anaemia in pregnancy is such a significant concern? 

Anaemia in pregnancy is particularly concerning because it can lead to complications such as preterm delivery, low birth weight, and has significant consequences for the subsequent neurological development of the newborn. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to identify and manage anaemia promptly to ensure the health and wellbeing of both mother and child.  

What are the key indicators for diagnosing anaemia in pregnant women? 

Anaemia in pregnancy is usually diagnosed by measuring hemoglobin levels, which are included in a routine blood panel called a complete blood count (CBC). Specific indicators for iron deficiency anaemia are microcytosis and hypochromia. A specific indicator is the size of red blood cells and the amount of haemoglobin in red blood cells. In addition, serum ferritin levels can provide the probability of low iron stores, which requires early treatment. 

Can you describe the importance of serum ferritin levels in diagnosing iron deficiency anaemia? 

Serum ferritin is a critical marker for diagnosing iron deficiency. However, interpreting ferritin levels during pregnancy can be challenging due to physiological increase in acute phase proteins and concurrent changes in iron utilisation. Ferritin is a protein that functions as a storage form of iron in the body, but is also an acute phase reactant, i.e., involved in the inflammatory process. For example, during acute inflammation, ferritin levels may appear normal despite iron deficiency. It is therefore advisable to consider testing for other inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), to rule out an inflammatory process. 

What steps should healthcare professionals take to manage anaemia in pregnancy? 

Management of anaemia in pregnancy involves several steps. First, regular monitoring of haemoglobin and ferritin levels. Second, it is important to differentiate iron deficiency anaemia from other types, such as haemolytic or megaloblastic anaemia, and to initiate adequate treatment according to the type of anaemia. Early treatment with iron supplements is vital to replenish iron stores. In severe cases, intravenous iron may be necessary. In the case of folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency, these need to be supplemented. For continuous monitoring during pregnancy and postpartum, we provide a wide range of tests on the way to proper treatment. 

What preventive measures can be taken to reduce the risk of anaemia in pregnancy? 

Preventive measures include preconception care, where women planning pregnancy should be screened for iron deficiency and other nutritional deficiencies. Dietary advice should encourage a balanced diet rich in iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12. Routine screening during pregnancy is essential to detect and address anaemia early. Additionally, educating pregnant women about the importance of adhering to prescribed supplements and attending all prenatal appointments is crucial.